The Housing Finance System

    Text bolded/green below shows notes and variable definitions when you roll over. If you cannot see the notes, please download an Excel version from the Research Center, which includes notes. Also, a PDF featuring variable definitions is available in the document list under "Definition of Hofinet Variables".

     

    A. Primary Housing Finance Market

    A.1 Industry Structure and Performance
    VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
    Types of originating lenders/market share:A.1.2
    Are there (quasi) public mortgage lenders:YesYesYes
    Research
    		A.1.4
    Universal/ commercial banksYesYesYes
    Bank of China (Hong Kong)
    		A.1.4.1
    Level of Non-Performing Mortgage Loans (90 days or more past due):A.1.6
    as a % of outstanding loan amount.04%.04%.04%
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.1.6.2
    Average 1997-2007 A.1.7
    A.2 Size of Mortgage Finance Sector
    VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
    Total amount of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year in millions of USD:232,039.23 USD (millions)222,616.92 USD (millions)204,145.55 USD (millions)
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.2.1
    Total amount of home mortgage loans outstanding at the end of year as % of GDP (current)64.28%60.34%59.18%
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.2.1.1
    and as % of all credits outstanding27.45%27.02%25.91%
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.2.1.2
    Total amount of home mortgages made in calendar year in millions of USD38,842 USD (millions)51,415 USD (millions)38,359 USD (millions)
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.2.3
    and as % of GDP (current) 10.76%13.94%11.12%
    HKMA and WEO
    		A.2.3.1
    Total # of home mortgage originations made in calendar year62.98 thousand83.07 thousand67.34 thousand
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.2.4
    What % of total new mortgages is refinance?32.26%23.26%21.94%
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.2.5
    A.3 Housing Finance Products
    VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
    Mortgage products as % of all mortgages (approx.) in local currency:A.3.1
    Fixed rate for life of loan  13.4%
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.3.1.1
    Variable rate/indexed  69.54%
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.3.1.2
    Variable rate/discretionary  15.1%
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.3.1.3
    Other fully amortizing loans (e.g. Rollover)  1.96%
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.3.1.4
    Most prevalent type of foreign currency mortgage used:A.3.3
    Most frequent interest rates on fully amortizing:A.3.4
    Typical lender fees associated with mortgage origination: A.3.6
    Typical third party fees associated with mortgage origination:A.3.7
    Loan-to-Value (LTV) on first mortgage: A.3.8
    Maximum LTV90%90%90%
    HK Mortgage Company
    		A.3.8.1
    Typical LTV at origination  45
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.3.8.2
    Maximum term over which pmt is calculated? 30 years30 years30 years
    HK Mortgage Company
    		A.3.9
    Mortgage pmt-to-income ratio A.3.10
    Maximum pmt-to-income ratio (Individual income)50%50%50%
    HK Monetary Authority
    		A.3.10.2
    A.4 Lending and Servicing Process
    VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
    Does the mortgage industry use standard principles/guidelines for underwriting?YesYesYes
    Research
    		A.4.1
    Which institutions define underwriting rules? A.4.2
    Central Bank/Ministry of FinanceYesYesYes
    EY Global Financial Services Institute
    		A.4.2.1
    A.5 Credit Risk Assessment
    VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
    Do credit bureaus exist? YesYesYes
    TransUnion
    		A.5.2
    Are there legal/regulatory constraints to gaining access to credit information?YesYesYes
    Office of the Privacy Commissioner for Personal Data
    		A.5.2.1
    Is mortgage default insurance available?YesYesYes
    HK Mortgage Corporation
    		A.5.3
    When did it begin operating?199919991999
    HK Mortgage Corporation
    		A.5.3.1
    What is the typical MI product?HKMC's Mortgage Insurance ProgramHKMC's Mortgage Insurance ProgramHKMC's Mortgage Insurance Program
    HK Mortgage Corporation
    		A.5.3.2
    Number of private mortgage insurers  0
    BIS
    		A.5.3.3
    Is there public sponsored MI / guarantee?YesYesYes
    HK Mortgage Corporation
    		A.5.5
    B. Funding Sources for Mortgages and the Secondary Mortgage Market
    VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
    What are the main funding sources for mortgages?B.1
    Retail funding (deposits/other)primaryprimaryprimary
    HKMA
    		B.1.1
    Funding through securitization of mortgagessecondarysecondarysecondary
    HK Mortgage Corporation
    		B.1.4
    C. Housing Microfinance
    VariableEnd of 2022End of 2021End of 2020SourcesVar ID
    Are non-collateralized housing micro-finance loans offered?   No
    Research
    		C.1
    Types of lenders operating in the housing micro-finance (HMF) sector:C.2
    Others  Yes
    Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation
    		C.2.4
    Level of NPLs (>90 days past due) in HMFC.4
    back to top | Country Data:
    Notes:
    Notes: % of dwelling units
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of households
    Notes: % of mortgage loans approved (incl. those not drawn down)
    Notes: % of mortgage loans approved (incl. those not drawn down)
    Notes: % of mortgage loans approved (incl. those not drawn down)
    Notes: % of new loans approved with fixed rate
    Notes: % of new loans approved with fixed rate
    Notes: % of new loans approved with reference to Best Lending Rate (set by HSBC, a private commercial bank)
    Notes: % of new loans approved with reference to Best Lending Rate (set by HSBC, a private commercial bank)
    Notes: % of new loans approved with reference to HIBOR
    Notes: % of new loans approved with reference to HIBOR
    Notes: % of other new loans
    Notes: % of other new loans
    Notes: An automatic 20% tax deduction for "statutory repairs and outgoings"
    Notes: As the first CRA in Hong Kong, TransUnion is currently the only accredited institution in Hong Kong to issue personal credit reports.
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Bank of China Hong Kong is 100% owned by Bank of China, for which the PRC government is the majority shareholder
    Notes: Calculated the sum of number of new loans drawn down of each given year
    Notes: Calculated the sum of value of new loans drawn down of each given year
    Notes: DTSI max of 50% for MIP loans, but first-time homebuyers do not have to meet it, provided they pay a premium
    Notes: Estimate
    Notes: Estimate
    Notes: Estimate
    Notes: Estimate
    Notes: HKMA has issued macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issued macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issued macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issued macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMA has issused macroprudential guidelines setting LTV max at 70% but the legal limit is 90%
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC guarantees the portion of mortgages over 60% LTV (generally) through MIP
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is owned by the HK government and offers mortgage insurance
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: HKMC is wholly owned by the Hong Kong Government
    Notes: Home Ownership Scheme from the HK Housing Authority subsidizes house purchase price at 30-40%. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme from the HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month).
    Notes: Home Ownership Scheme from the HK Housing Authority subsidizes house purchase price at 30-40%. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme from the HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month).
    Notes: Home Ownership Scheme from the HK Housing Authority subsidizes house purchase price at 30-40%. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme from the HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month).
    Notes: Home Ownership Scheme from the HK Housing Authority subsidizes house purchase price at 30-40%. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme from the HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month).
    Notes: Home Ownership Scheme from the HK Housing Authority subsidizes house purchase price at 30-40%. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme from the HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month).
    Notes: Home Ownership Scheme from the HK Housing Authority subsidizes house purchase price at 30-40%. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme from the HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month).
    Notes: Home Ownership Scheme from the HK Housing Authority subsidizes house purchase price at 30-40%. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme from the HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month).
    Notes: Home Purchase Loan Scheme by HK Housing Authority offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Purchase Loan Scheme by HK Housing Authority offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Purchase Loan Scheme by HK Housing Authority offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Purchase Loan Scheme by HK Housing Authority offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Purchase Loan Scheme by HK Housing Authority offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Purchase Loan Scheme by HK Housing Authority offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Purchase Loan Scheme by HK Housing Authority offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Purchase Loan Scheme by HK Housing Authority offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Starter Loan Scheme by HK Housing Society subsidized interest for families with income HK$70,000 (~USD9,000) to 2-3.5%. Home Purchase Loan Scheme offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Starter Loan Scheme by HK Housing Society subsidized interest for families with income HK$70,000 (~USD9,000) to 2-3.5%. Home Purchase Loan Scheme offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Starter Loan Scheme by HK Housing Society subsidized interest for families with income HK$70,000 (~USD9,000) to 2-3.5%. Home Purchase Loan Scheme offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Starter Loan Scheme by HK Housing Society subsidized interest for families with income HK$70,000 (~USD9,000) to 2-3.5%. Home Purchase Loan Scheme offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Home Starter Loan Scheme by HK Housing Society subsidized interest for families with income HK$70,000 (~USD9,000) to 2-3.5%. Home Purchase Loan Scheme offered interest-free loans to public rental housing tenants with income under HK$30,000 (~USD400) per month
    Notes: Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Monetary Authority sets macroprudential measures
    Notes: Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation has a monopoly on mortgage insurance
    Notes: In 1999, the Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation (HKMC) launched an MIP aimed at promoting wider home ownership. Under the MIP, mortgage loans of up to an LTV ratio of 90% were made available to homebuyers meeting certain eligibility criteria.
    Notes: Includes main tenants, sub-tenants and rent free domestic households.
    Notes: Includes main tenants, sub-tenants and rent free domestic households.
    Notes: Includes main tenants, sub-tenants and rent free domestic households.
    Notes: Includes main tenants, sub-tenants and rent free domestic households.
    Notes: LTV is dependent on the value of property. Range from 70% to 90% up until July 2023
    Notes: LTV is dependent on the value of property. Range from 70% to 90% up until July 2023
    Notes: LTV is dependent on the value of property. Range from 70% to 90% up until July 2023
    Notes: LTV is dependent on the value of property. Range from 70% to 90% up until July 2023
    Notes: MAW was $4,630, applicable to contracts signed between 28 September 2019 to 30 September 2022.
    Notes: Max interest rate on all loans is 60%
    Notes: Max interest rate on all loans is 60%
    Notes: Max interest rate on all loans is 60%
    Notes: Max interest rate on all loans is 60%
    Notes: Max interest rate on all loans is 60%
    Notes: Max LTV limit is 90%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max LTV under MIP loan. Macroprudential measures set max LTV at 70%
    Notes: Max term for MIP loans
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV. 20 banks participate in the program, as of 2023
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV. 20 banks participate in the program, as of 2023
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV. 20 banks participate in the program, as of 2023
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV. 20 banks participate in the program, as of 2023
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV. 22 banks participate in the program.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV. 22 banks participate in the program.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV. 23 banks participate in the program.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV. 23 banks participate in the program.
    Notes: MIP is the only mortgage insurance product available. It generally applies for the portion of residential mortgages in excess of 60% LTV. 23 banks participate in the program.
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: National figure but Hong Kong is 100% urban
    Notes: Owner-occupier - With mortgage or loan: Domestic Households (Excluding those Living on Board Vessels)
    Notes: Owner-occupiers as a proportion of total number of domestic households
    Notes: Prior to the adoption of the LTV policy in 1991, the Third Schedule of the Banking Ordinance allowed a max LTV of 90%. After 1991, a 70% LTV maximum was accepted by banks as a macroprudential measure but still technically allowed.
    Notes: Property lease stamp duty ranges from 0.25 to 1% on annual rental value. Property tax of 15% on income-producing properties.
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is 5% of estimated annual rental value of property
    Notes: Property tax rate is set by local government
    Notes: Property tax rate is set by local government
    Notes: Property tax rate is set by local government
    Notes: Rental income tax is levied at a flat rate of 15%
    Notes: residential flats
    Notes: residential flats
    Notes: Residential flats
    Notes: Residential flats
    Notes: Residential flats
    Notes: Residential flats
    Notes: Residential flats
    Notes: Residential flats
    Notes: Residential flats
    Notes: Residential flats
    Notes: Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Stamp duty ranges from 1.5 to 8.5%. Special stamp duty for residential property resold within 24-36 months ranges from 10-20%
    Notes: Stamp duty ranges from 1.5 to 8.5%. Special stamp duty for residential property resold within 24-36 months ranges from 10-20%
    Notes: Stamp duty ranges from 1.5 to 8.5%. Special stamp duty for residential property resold within 24-36 months ranges from 10-20%
    Notes: Sum of refinanced loan / sum of new loan approved
    Notes: Tenants Purchase Scheme by HK Housing Authority sold discounted houses at 55-70% of market value. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Tenants Purchase Scheme by HK Housing Authority sold discounted houses at 55-70% of market value. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Tenants Purchase Scheme by HK Housing Authority sold discounted houses at 55-70% of market value. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Tenants Purchase Scheme by HK Housing Authority sold discounted houses at 55-70% of market value. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Tenants Purchase Scheme by HK Housing Authority sold discounted houses at 55-70% of market value. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Tenants Purchase Scheme by HK Housing Authority sold discounted houses at 55-70% of market value. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Tenants Purchase Scheme by HK Housing Authority sold discounted houses at 55-70% of market value. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Tenants Purchase Scheme by HK Housing Authority sold discounted houses at 55-70% of market value. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: Tenants Purchase Scheme by HK Housing Authority sold discounted houses at 55-70% of market value. Sandwich Class Housing Scheme by HK Housing Society covers all construction costs and half of land price and sells flats at below-market prices to middle-income households (HK$30,001-60,000/~USD4,000-7,500 per month)
    Notes: The Ad Valorem Stamp Duty is levied at a rate that ranges from 1.5-8.5% depending on the cost of the property
    Notes: The Ad Valorem Stamp Duty is levied at a rate that ranges from 1.5-8.5% depending on the cost of the property
    Notes: The Ad Valorem Stamp Duty is levied at a rate that ranges from 1.5-8.5% depending on the cost of the property
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The Code of Practice on Consumer Credit Data regulates the scope of data provided to Credit Rating Agencies and the methods of access to consumer credit data by creditors
    Notes: The minimum standards that AIs should observe in relation to the sharing and use of consumer credit data through credit reference
    Notes: The Mortgage Insurance Programme ("MIP") was launched by The Hong Kong Mortgage Corporation Limited ("HKMC") in March 1999 for promoting home ownership in Hong Kong. The MIP business has been transferred to and carried out by HKMC Insurance Limited ("HKMCI"), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the HKMC, with effect from 1 May 2018.